4 convoys only: A.K.D. They were east-bound convoys and originated in Halifax, Nova Scotia from where they sailed to ports in the United Kingdom. There were over 300 convoy routes organized, in all areas of the world; each was designated by a two- or three letter code. Bermuda’s contribution to the war effort was out of all proportion to its geographical size. Amongst the latter was Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert, Bermuda's highest ranking soldier. During World War II, between 1941 and 1945, 78 Allied Arctic convoys brought more than 4 million tons of provisions and munitions to the U.S.S.R. HX-1 set sail on September 16. eg: ON=Liverpool to New York, fast. July to December: The records of ships used to carry troops to their theaters of operations were destroyed intentionally in 1951. Code Prefix South Atlantic Routes First Sailing Last Sailing Number of Convoys Notes; AS: United States to Suez Canal: 1942: 1942: via Freetown: BF: Bahia to Freetown: 1943: USN escorts: BRN: Bahia to … Gibraltar convoy routes crossed U-boat transit routes from French Atlantic ports and were within range of Axis maritime patrol aircraft making these convoys vulnerable to observation and interception by bombers, submarines, and surface warships during the Battle of the … The Arctic convoys of World War II were oceangoing convoys which sailed from the United Kingdom, Iceland, and North America to northern ports in the Soviet Union – primarily Arkhangelsk (Archangel) and Murmansk in Russia. List of Allied convoys during World War II by region; List of World War II convoys; M Mid-Ocean Escort Force; O Convoy OA 178; Convoy OB 318; Convoy OB 293; Convoy OG 69; Convoy OG 71; Convoy OG 82; ON convoys; Convoy ON 67; Convoy ON 122; Convoy ON 144; Convoy ON 207; Convoy ON 113; Convoy ON 115; Convoy ON 127; Convoy ON 153; North Atlantic Convoys. Among the best known HX convoy battles were: Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Full listing of ships sailing in HX convoys, "Item details ADM 199/2192/25—Convoy Lists—Convoy number HXS300 from Halifax (later New York) to UK. 7 Samuel E. Morison, History of U.S. Convoy Battles of World War II occurred when convoys of cargo ships assembled for mutual defense, and were attacked by enemy submarines, surface ships, and/or aircraft. They were east-bound convoys and originated in Halifax, Nova Scotia from where they sailed to ports in the United Kingdom. A convoy is a group of vehicles, typically motor vehicles or ships, traveling together for mutual support and protection. From July to Sept' 1942. Fast military convoy with war materials for Middle East: A.S. America - Freetown: From March 1942, military convoys: A.T. New York - UK: From March 1942, military convoys: B.A. But over time the connections became stronger than the hostilities. ", http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATID=-5742223&CATLN=7&Highlight=&FullDetails=False, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/HX_convoys?oldid=2505225, Dan van der Vat : The Atlantic Campaign (1988). List of World War II Convoys - North Atlantic Convoys. In both World War I and World War II, Bermudians served in the British armed forces. HX convoys were organized at the beginning of the Atlantic campaign and ran without major changes until the end, the longest continuous series of the war. This is a list of convoy codes used by the Allies during World War II. UK - Middle East via Cape: Summer 1940. During World War I and World War II, the practice was revived to protect Allied and neutral merchant shipping against German surface raiders and submarines. Often, a … This marked the beginning of a dangerous phase of the Second World War, dubbed the Battle of the Atlantic by Winston Churchill. Later, after the United States had entered the war the HX convoys began at New York. The U.S. Navy Fought Nazi Germany In The Atlantic Before America Entered World War II. 6 For more on convoy and routing, visit the NHHC Library Online Reading room. As during the Great War, Bermuda sent many of her sons overseas, some of course never to return. Rooms and apartments were rented to military personnel. 1 European Coastal Atlantic … Most were in the North Atlantic from 1939 to 1943, and involved attacks by U-Boat wolfpacks. The 345 OB convoys lost a total of 213 ships. In total, 450 convoy series were run over the course of the Second World War. These deliveries played a crucial role in the Soviet war effort. A convoy of merchant ships protected by airplanes en route to Cape Town during World War II. 1942: Atlantic Convoys Following United States' entry into World War II, Germany decided to undertake Operation Drumbeat (Paukenschlag), which was the initial wave of German U-boats meant for a fast and suprise attack on the United States east coast and Allied shipping. List of Allied convoys during World War II by region. On the vast oceans of the Atlantic and the Pacific, thousands of German and Allied convoys faced a daily torment, not knowing whether their latest trip would be their last. Naval Operations in World War II, Vol. Number of Convoys Notes; AT: United States to British Isles: March 1942: 1945: troopships: BHX: Bermuda to Liverpool: May 1940: March 1941: 97 (# 41-137) sailed from Bermuda and merged with same number HX convoy at sea: CK: Charleston, South Carolina to British Isles: 1944: 1944: rarely used: CT: British Isles to Canada: 1941: 1941: troopships: CU: Caribbean (later New York City) to Liverpool "According to our [U. S. National Archives] records, in 1951 the Department of the Army destroyed all passenger lists, manifests, logs of vessels, and troop movement files of United States Army Transports for World War II." List of World War II Convoys - South Atlantic Convoys. The simulated, World War II-style convoy underscored the importance of sealift to U.S. war plans, as well as the shortage of naval escorts that has incited a minor panic among military planners. Almost exactly a year later, another converted liner, the 14,000-ton SS Jervis Bay, under Commander Edward Fegen, was escorting Convoy HX-84 from Bermuda to Britain. Most were in the North Atlantic from 1939 to 1943, and involved attacks by U-Boat wolfpacks.Convoy battles also occurred in the Mediterranean Sea and western Pacific Ocean. More than 1,400 merchant ships and naval vessels participated in the convoys to the ports of Arkhangelsk and Murmansk… This is a List of Allied convoys during World War II by region. A total of 377 convoys ran during the campaign, conveying a total of approximately 20,000 ships. With German U-Boats and Allied Cruisers patrolling the seas, many thousands aboard There were also fights between the Bermudian men and servicemen over women. Of these, 53 were lost in convoy, 30 were stragglers and 130 were losses out of convoy. OB 98GF (& OA 98GF)• OB 105*•OB 169• OB 228**•OB 244• OB 275• OB 286• OB 287•OB 288•OB 290 Reports• OB 318. 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