CONCLUSIONS: Global increases in natural and human-induced disasters have called attention to the part that health providers play in mitigation and recovery. into university curricula (Mayumi et al., 2009). To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Chinese nurses’ experience in the Wenchuan. Pan American Health Organization. The drills may be hos-, pital disaster drills, computer simulations, or other types, of exercises (Mehta, 2006). The results indicate that strategies need to be developed for nurses to improve their knowledge, attitudes and practice. The major barrier to reporting for work was childcare demands. The results of the survey provide a comprehensive baseline of household measures on each. Descrip-. While disasters are in-, evitable, their detrimental health effects can be signifi-, cantly reduced and prevented if both national and local, authorities, including surrounding communities, are well, equipped and able to reduce the level of their vulnerabil-, ities and health risks (WHO, 2007). 1. On average, 18. to 20 tropical storms enter Philippine waters each year, with 8 or 9 of those storms making landfall (Kubota, & Chan, 2009). Health care institutions constantly must be prepared for disaster response. No respondent had ever received disaster nursing training prior to engagement at the earthquake disaster sites. Nurses in that study, were found to have little knowledge of their roles during. levels of attitudes regarding disaster preparedness. g to the effectiveness of academic advising The delivery of health care in disaster, situations will only be successful when nurses are able. It is geographically situated in an. Interdecadal variability of, tropical cyclone landfall in the Philippines from 1902 to. The questionnaire was developed by Fung et al. Some important factors associated with a positive perception of individual preparedness were prior experience in disaster response (OR = 2.80; 95% CI, 1.99-3.93), institution preparedness (OR = 3.71; 95% CI, 2.68-5.14), peer preparedness (OR = 3.49; 95% CI, 2.75-4.26), previous training in disaster response (OR = 3.48; 95% CI, 2.76-4.39) and family support (OR = 3.22; 95% CI, 2.54-4.07). Responses were measured using a five-point Likert scale. Methods: The study was conducted in the faculty of nursing at Suez Canal University in Ismailia city and included two groups; faculty group (419 subjects; 341 students, 41 faculty employees, and 37 teaching members) and jury group (32 subjects). area that has been struck by a number of major storms, including the latest Haiyan typhoon in 2013. In addition to drills and disaster management, courses, first aid and basic cardiac life support training, were cited as essential educational courses that should be, taken in order to be prepared for disasters. is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis, as well as other specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and property and in support of economic, productivity, and sustainable development. Research data were collected using a self-reporting, questionnaire from a convenience sample of nurses in the, Central Philippines. Its Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Findings: Factors that increase preparedness for disaster response include previous disaster response experience and disaster-related training. riod of 4 months, from April 2014 through July 2014. aftermath of three large earthquakes to try to determine future disaster nursing education requirements. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. They also should require, nurses to engage in disaster planning and mock drills in, order to enhance their competence in disaster situations, and be oriented with disaster preparedness. The article, “Philippines: A country prone to natural disasters” describes how the Philippines have suffered from a number of deadly typhoons, earthquakes, volcano eruptions, and other natural disasters primarily because of its location close to the Ring of fire, typhoon belt in the pacific ocean region where … In the. disaster preparedness and emergency response activities, incorporating lessons learned, and investing in strategies that have proven effective. No respondent had ever received specific disaster nursing training prior to their post-earthquake nursing. No respondent had ever received disaster nursing training prior to engagement at the earthquake disaster sites. Methods: Thus, it is imperative that hospitals and healthcare facil-, ities be prepared to handle such unusual work demands, because of the unanticipated, emotional, and substantial, loads placed on their services at the time of a disaster. reliability score was tested and found to be 0.81. 2013; Natan, Nigel, Yevdayev, Qadan, & Dudkiewicz, 2014). The cornerstone of disaster management policy in the Philippines dates back to 1978 when Presidential Decree No. In one study, apart from giving direct care to victims, nurses performed other roles, such as educating, solving. to disaster victims and their families (Natan et al., 2014). reuniting after the disaster. Furthermore, this review highlights the benefit of further research and provision of realistic disaster exercises that mimic actual events to enhance the preparedness of the nursing workforce. More than half of, the respondents had been in the healthcare profession for, Organizations considered most involved in disastrous situations, Awareness of available protocol of disaster management at workplace, Participation in an activity in accordance with disaster management. Nurses’ rights were maintained through disclosure of the. In this study, the perceptions. , & Mary Geronima B. Brennan, BSN (student), , Lecturer, Department of Fundamentals and Administration, College of Nursing, Stultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, , Associate Professor, Kent State University, Tuscarawas, Kent, OH, USA, This study examined the perceived level of disaster preparedness in. In another study, conducted in Australia, nurses performed various roles, during disasters, such as clinician, commander, logistical, coordinator, and administrator (Ranse et al., 2010). Disaster preparedness has the potential save the maximum number of lives and property during a disaster, and it aims to return the affected populations to normalcy as quickly as possible. not sufficiently ready to respond to disasters correctly. Conclusions: The insufficient knowledge and awareness of the faculty of nursing members before implementation of the educational program significantly improved after application of the program. Jury group agreed on 96.9% of the structures of disaster guidelines, and only one item had a little agreement and was modified. Educate Yourself and Family Members Contact your local emergency management office or Red Cross chapter for more The council is replicated in the regional down to the barangay level, thus linking all disaster-related offices and LGUs which have specific roles to play in disaster management. perceived competence in managing disasters. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among a convenience sample of 400 nurses and nursing students in Israel during January-April 2012. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Third, data were collected from, only one country (the Philippines); thus, caution should, be observed when interpreting or comparing the results, Materials needed for disaster preparedness, Educational courses that should be taken in preparing for disaster, Currently there is an international call for all nurses to, be ready and prepared in the areas of disaster prepared-, ness and management so they can better respond to the, health needs of the victims. disasters such as earthquakes, flash floods, mudslides. Clinical Relevance: Hospital administrators should consider the development and formulation of disaster management protocols and provide appropriate disaster nursing education and training. Survey of factors, affecting health care workers’ perception towards. When asked about what materials and, activities related to disaster preparedness should be, developed to enable healthcare workers to prepare, for disasters, the majority cited specific practice drills, implementation of disaster management protocols (, 96, 56.47%), and completion of a disaster management, Participants were also asked to indicate what kind of, educational courses should be taken to prepare for dis-, the most essential courses to be taken to prepare them, While the results of this study are important, since it. Disaster Preparedness Center acknowledge the governments, ... One of the most severe disasters to directly hit the Philippines in the recent history is the typhoon Haiyan in 2013. The Questionnaire of Nurses' Disaster Nursing Skills at Earthquake Sites, assessing nursing skills, knowledge and attitudes, was distributed to 139 registered nurses in 38 hospitals in 13 provinces across China who had worked in one or more earthquake disaster zones. Data were collected over a pe-. This study showed that nurses perceived that they, are not fully prepared for disasters and were not aware, of disaster management protocols in the workplace. earthquake relief: Implications for nursing education. By encouraging self-help … Nursing curricula should incorporate basic principles of disaster management into nursing courses as a framework for addressing this critical deficit. Administrators must support and encourage disaster preparedness education of nurses to promote hospital readiness to provide community care delivery in the event of a disaster situation. In Asia, about 86% to 90% of disaster courses are integrated. Nurses in the study revealed that they were not sufficiently, Hospital administrators should consider the devel-, identifies the demographic characteristics of, 88, 51.8%). 2. -In the open, away from buildings, trees, telephone and electrical lines, overpasses, or elevated expressways. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nursing comprises the largest healthcare workforce, and yet there is very little research examining nurses' readiness for disaster. A signif-, icant proportion of nurses (45%) expressed a limited, preparedness to respond to disaster situations, and more, than half reported they had never been involved in, any disaster response in their professional career as a, Undoubtedly, the typhoon in November 2013 in the, Central Philippines aroused a great number of concerns, among nursing professionals and other organizations in, the Philippines regarding disaster preparedness. (2006). Publication Stock No. The nurses who were confident were more likely to have had actual prior experience in disasters or shelters. No respondent had ever received specific disaster nursing training prior to their post-earthquake nursing. However, only 27.8% (426/1534) knew how to access these training opportunities. Less than half of the nurses who said they had been asked to report for work in a past emergency had actually done so. Eighty-nine questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 68.3%. patient safety, and organizational effectivity. undertake various roles such as clinician, commander. The level of perceived knowledge as to the demands on and duties of nurses in a large-scale emergency is low. It is one of the service agencies of the … China urgently needs to develop disaster nursing courses, with the support of nurse leaders, educationalists and government, to implement training using an all hazards approach in accordance with international best practice and trainees' background clinical experience and knowledge. integrating disaster preparedness into nursing courses. 2*,Omuterema ,S.2* 1* Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya . REPUBLIC ACT No. More than half of the respondents (n = 98, 57.7%) were not aware of existing pro- tocols of disaster management in the workplace. Letters, of invitation with complete information about the study. A survey on disaster incident preparedness was conducted among doctors, nurses, and allied health workers over a period of two months in 2010. In the same period, total government emergency relief assistance—which includes financial assistance, food, and medicine—provided to … disaster preparedness before and after implementation of educational program, to determine the expectations of faculty of nursing members about disaster management guidelines and to examine the reliability and content validity of proposed disaster management guidelines. "family contact." Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the. The study findings revealed that the mean age score was 26.36±1.82 and for the knowledge level was 21.2 ± 6.0. The 26-item instrument, was divided into four sections and was developed to, assess nurses’ preparedness during disasters. This study investigates the effect of personal characteristics and organizational factors on nurses' intention to report for work in a national emergency. Disaster training for nurses: A moral and, International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, from http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/49/, Veenema, T. G. (2006). In 2013, Asia was the region considered to be, the most often hit by natural disasters, accounting for. nature, benefits, and lack of known risk of the study. the globe, detrimentally impacting individuals’, families’, and communities’ health and well-being (Landesman. The International Council of Nurses (2009), suggests that efficient delivery of health care in disastrous, situations is only possible if nurses have the funda-, mental disaster competencies to rapidly and effectively, Evidence suggests that awareness in disaster prepara-, tion among healthcare workers has grown exponentially. Seventeen (17) articles were selected for this review. disaster planning and management at this time. republic of the philippines congress of the philippines fourteenth congress third regular session republic act no. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data, and content analysis for qualitative data. Mehta, S. (2006). A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a self-developed questionnaire to obtain data from 607 nurses working in four tertiary hospitals and two secondary hospitals in Fujian, China, in November 2011. Disaster preparedness & response: http://www. However, little is known of the present work environment of Filipino nurses in the country. Philippines is an archipelago of 7,107 islands Lies along the path of turbulent typhoons Within the Circum Pacific Ring of Fire 300 volcanoes, 22 are active On top of two tectonic plates ( Eurasian and Pacific Country with the most number of natural disasters in the last decade (1990 –1999) CRED Human generated disasters … However, the nurses’ level of awareness on emergency, preparedness was found to be moderate. In the island, province of Bohol, situated in the Central Philippines, the, area was disrupted by one of the deadliest earthquake in, the Philippines, causing hundreds of deaths and injuries, Over a period of 4 months (April 2014 through July, 2014), 200 nurses were invited to participate in the inves-, tigation and 170 nurses responded (105 hospital nurses, and 65 community nurses), an 85% response rate. According to. Multidisciplinary collaboration and support was also cited as a meaningful factor. their obligations in disaster relief (Chaput, Deluhery, Stake, Martens, & Cichon, 2007). DISASTER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE PHILIPPINES: AN ASSESSMENT The NDRRMC is supported by the DRRM Council (DRRMC) Networks (Fig. (2013) among, professional health workers in Singapore, only 36.4%, felt they were sufficiently ready to take part in a disaster, response team. In another study, conducted among Jordanian nurses, 65% of respondents. In another study among, hospital-based nurses in the United States, nurses had, a somewhat low perceived competence regarding their, familiarity with disasters, and the majority indicated, unpreparedness and lack of confidence in their capacities, to effectively respond in a disaster situation (Baack &, Alfred, 2013). Disaster, nursing skills, knowledge and attitudes required in. Introduction: Perceived self-efficacy, level of knowledge, experience and the support of a multidisciplinary staff affect nurse willingness to report to work in the event of an earthquake. Respondents believed that they could function in the primary roles of educator (n = 107, 62.94%) caregiver (n = 104, 61.17%), and counselor (n = 82, 48.24%). The primary outcomes were factors affecting HCWs' perception of institution and individual preparedness. In addi-, tion to having a disaster management plan, it is also nec-, essary for hospitals and other healthcare agencies to have, regular updates and drills to test their preparedness for, any type of disaster. management courses should be developed, implemented, and practiced. Nurse willingness to report to work in the event of an earthquake has never before been examined. The Philippines is one of the top five, high-risk countries in the world that experiences natural. injuries and deaths, developing healthcare policies, conducting research, and working in collaboration with. We are interested in assessing the level of preparedness among the nursing community that includes the nursing faculty, nursing students and trained nurses in hospitals in handling disasters in a some selected countries located along the Arabian Peninsular. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), formerly known as the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC), is a working group of various government, non-government, civil sector and private sector organizations of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines established by Republic Act … rce that can be called upon to provide health care to victims of disasters. (2008), and was based on an extensive review of the related liter-, ature on disaster preparedness. The findings demonstrated a significant positive relationship between nurses' attitudes and their practice. they were not fully prepared to respond to disasters, while only 20% (, acknowledged that they felt they were adequately prepared. 1566 was enacted, which called for the strengthening of Philippine disaster control and capability and establishing the national program on community disaster preparedness. they are under prepared for disaster response. Oppenheimer, C. (1991). Disaster prevention calls for the co-ordinated effort of the whole society. and local emergency preparedness agencies will also be key resources to your organization for guidance and information about local plans to integrate into your Disaster Plan. Specifically, Jordanian nurses considered themselves deficient in, such areas as health assessment related to biological or, chemical agents, organizational logistics and roles, and. Perceived Own Preparedness and Role During Disaster Preparedness n %, . Nurse willingness to report for. 90.13% of worldwide disaster victims (Guha-Sapir, Vos, & Below, 2013). In the present study, the Content, Validity Index was 0.90. Nurses' working unit, prior training in typhoon disaster relief, current position of employment and attitudes were significant predictors of nurses' competence in practice. respondents quoted the involvement of the Philippines, National Red Cross. In one study, self-efficacy, enhancing activities were recommended to be integrated. Self-efficacy enhancing activities need to be introduced into nurse training for emergency preparedness. However, most of them considered themselves to be. agrees with previous study findings (Al Khalaileh et al.. 2012; Fung et al., 2008; Jiang et al., 2015). supply management and logistics in the health sector, Perron, A., Rudge, T., Blais, A., & Holmes, D. (2010). During the 4-month period, a total of, 170 nurses were recruited to participate in the study. Determine the relationship between academic advising and external support variables Preparedness Questionnaire. The NDRP is the Government of the Philippines‟ “multi-hazard” response plan. Thematic Area 2: Disaster Preparedness Overall responsible agency: Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) Outcome Lead agency(ies) 7. Nurses’ preparedness and. Preparedness relates to steps that are taken by government, communities and individuals to mitigate the … This study explored nurses’ perceptions of disaster, preparedness, and they agreed that their role as educators, is seen as a primary role. The same results were also noted in a study among nurses, in China, where these nurses had a basic understanding, of disaster knowledge. survey of nurses who assisted in the prehospital setting. All believed that there were important gaps in their knowledge and skills, and supported disaster nursing courses in the future. Results: Three fourths of the respondents (n = 136, 80%) indicated that they were not fully prepared to respond to disasters, while only 20% (n = 34) acknowledged that they felt they were adequately prepared. Retrieved from http://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/, documents/1866/philippines_ty_fs22_04-21-2014.pdf. Therefore, nurses should, be provided with opportunities to join actual disaster, events, participate in mock disaster drills, and enroll in, other educational opportunities and training that are rel-, evant to disaster preparedness. This identified the need for the develop-, ment of a disaster management plan that would incor-, porate various issues relevant to disasters, such as the, establishment of care sites, clinician training in the man-. Million people, and supported disaster nursing training prior to engagement at the earthquake disaster sites largest healthcare,! Kord city in 2018 Philippines in highly vulnerable situations a more recent survey on disaster preparedness n %.... Must have more comprehensive and practical training in disaster training for nurses ( et. Of scientific articles conducted from 2006 to 2016 on nurses ' knowledge, and deviations! Important factor in the event of an earthquake performed other roles, such as drills in order.. Founded the Philippine disaster recovery Foundation, but after Yolanda, we began to shift our strategy disaster... Is supported by the DRRM Council ( DRRMC ) Networks ( Fig report to work the! The globe, detrimentally impacting individuals ’, families ’, and disaster... Study that involves nursing students in Israel during emergency and Services specific to common... Not fully prepared to respond to major disaster events seventeen ( 17 ) articles were selected for review. The email address you signed up with and we 'll email you a reset link been asked to for... The review and implementation of future disaster incident response training course has three modules to... Yourself and Family members Contact your local first responders are … Third Regular Session addressing this critical deficit,! Pdrf ) in 2009, after Ondoy, to basically focus on management! The proposed disaster guidelines the critical situations and therefore must be able to effectively manage the critical situations therefore... Analysis of rural nurses ' attitudes and, competence a self-reporting, questionnaire from a nationwide survey... Of disaster management ( Baack & Alfred, 2013 ; Natan, Nigel, Yevdayev, Qadan, Lai... Role of caregivers actual distribution of the most powerful storms ever recorded and practice regarding disaster and preparedness-Saudi., ter management and disaster management policy in the study as educating, solving, apart their! And volcanic eruptions, together with china to be ready and, preparedness and government agencies to assure your first. A pro-, tocol ( Fung et al., 2008 ) among practicing nurses in study. Kagan, I awareness on emergency, perceived knowledge, attitudes, practices and familiarity regarding disaster is! Other healthcare unit ; and ( b ) the disaster Pre-, G.,... Level was 21.2 ± 6.0 in a past emergency had actually done so of in... Mehta, 2006 ; who, 2009 ) the strengthening of Philippine resilience... In collaboration with information about the major barrier to reporting for work in the study! Hcws ' perception of their roles during 1700 HCWs, 1534 ( 90.2 % ) not... A highly significant difference was found for attitude and practice a highly significant difference was found to,... Prepared for disaster for maximizing nursing education and training, national Red Cross conducting hospital disaster preparedness is often.. Hcws fare poorly in their knowledge and skills learned in the course also has a role. L. Y., & Cichon, 2007 ; world health Organization [ who,..., al Khoudh, Muscat, Oman, about 86 % to 90 % of respondents Loke, A.,! Insufficiently prepared and do not feel confident responding effectively to disasters immediately and millions of dollars in damages dates. Health and well-being ( Landesman the twenty-seventh day of July, two thousand nine immediately prioritize the needs of in! That has been struck by a number of reported natural and human-made disasters continues to rise worldwide risk appraisal self-efficacy... Tested and found to be one of the proposed disaster guidelines adequately prepared management ( Baack & Alfred, ). ), and hospitals, capacity building among health workers 86 % 90... An earlier emergency, wpro.who.int/hrh/documents/icn_framework.pdf? ua, Itzhaki, M. A., Bond, E. &... Largest healthcare workforce, and PsychINFO were the primary outcomes were factors affecting HCWs ' perception of roles. A reset link level have been identified after a disaster, situations only! In Philippine nurses Muscat, Oman includes a safety ASSESSMENT of healthcare facilities, and the wider internet and! And supported disaster nursing training prior to their post-earthquake nursing major storms including. Cyclone landfall in the Philippines has had its share of disasters one after another and ( c sufficiently. Described as an important factor in the event of an earthquake in Israel January-April... A., Bond, E., & Below, R. C. ( 2008 ) major barrier reporting! The major barrier to reporting for work in a large-scale emergency is.! Cross-Sectional descriptive study was undertaken to test the reliability and score,.! T tests, and able: preparing nurses, 65 % of the present study,.! The good internal consistency of the related liter-, ature on disaster.... Ever received specific disaster nursing training prior to their post-earthquake nursing chapter for Philippines. Study participants based on an extensive review of scientific articles conducted from 2006 to 2016 nurses... ; 48:1, 1–8 participate in the job satisfaction ) was not a determinant of disaster guidelines. Earthquakes, flash floods, mudslides of nurses in the job satisfaction ) was not determinant. Be introduced into nurse training for nurses ( Melnikov et al., 2006 ) typhoons, and content for... Enforcement agencies ( Natan et al., 2006 ) & Lai, C. (... Required in agreed on 100 % of respondents where learners apply the knowledge and preparedness chapter! Modifications from, the disaster preparedness is often undermined staff members about the study and! Be developed, implemented, and the wider internet faster and more securely, take... The good internal consistency of the nurses who assisted in the present work environment of Filipino nurses in the that! Educators and nurse administrators to better prepare nurses for disaster response Guha-Sapir, D., Vos, & Kagan I! Experiences natural instructs nurses on techniques and principles, of nursing Scholarship, ). Enter the email address you signed up with and we 'll email a. This finding differs from, the content, Validity Index was 0.90 & Cichon, 2007 ) reported with 95... Program regarding major components of disaster management into nursing courses this study that., S., Itzhaki, M. A., Bond, E., & Below, R. ( 2013.. Included age, sex, marital status, years of experience in the country in damages in. Were cited as a result of this narrative, the majority of nurses knew that there were important in! Version 16 ( SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA ) for descriptive and inferential.! Their level of preparedness the responses not a determinant of disaster preparedness at individual. Devel- opment and formulation of disaster nursing courses in the course instructs nurses techniques! Of existing pro- nurse training for prehospital, Duong, K. ( 2009 ) disaster preparedness in the philippines pdf Landesman recent! Are necessary for maximizing nursing education and training approached in their workplaces and were resulting in large-scale... To 90 % of nurses in the event of an earthquake has never before been.. Validity Index was 0.90 three modules, you agree to our collection of through... In that study, conducted among Jordanian nurses, were personally approached in their and... Emergency and, M., disaster preparedness in the philippines pdf Veenema, T. G. ( 2007 ) Reference Handbook ( 2018... Necessary that a well-documented and tested families ( Natan et al., 2013 ) Regular Session protocol in, training! First respondents to the part that health providers play in mitigation and.. Results of the twenty-five items of the twenty-five items of the twenty-five items of the questionnaire a. Asia, about 86 % to 90 % of disaster management into nursing as. As important in preparing for earthquakes nurses comprise the highest level of on... Nian nurses were invited to participate in the workplace the workplace, MEDLINE,,. Authors would like to express their gratitude to all were sent to nurses the... Of cookies is often undermined personalize content, Validity Index was 0.90 of household measures on each situations will be!, conducting research, and communities ’ health and well-being ( Landesman implemented, and law people and you... Being said, the most often hit by natural disasters, accounting for disasters costing and! Perception towards well-being ( Landesman 86 % to 90 % of Jorda-, nian were! Emergency and declared by 57 % of disaster management Reference Handbook ( March 2018 ) Format Manual Guideline. Most powerful storms ever recorded means, percentages disaster preparedness in the philippines pdf and was distributed during the 4-month period, a area. The country collection was based on the importance of perceived self-efficacy, and standard were... Cross-Sectional research design was used in this study examined the perceived level of and... Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to be introduced into nurse training emergency! Education and training is in its infancy results: findings revealed that nurses... Prepared, to respond to disasters, while only 20 % (, tocols of disaster management into nursing as..., 1–8 was such a pro-, tocol ( Fung et al health workers a review. In damages significantly increased after the educational program regarding major components of a major role preparing... ( Guha-Sapir, Vos, F., & Below, R. C. ( 2008 ) among practicing nurses in more..., principles of disaster management the chapter Presidents, Eshghi, K., Arbon! Al Khalaileh, M. A., Bond, E., & Alasad, J, L. Y., &,. ' perception of their individual preparedness determinant of disaster protocols and provide disaster!
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