chromosome number of pearl millet

Pearl millet is an important crop for arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Find out more about this exciting new development, Using our new visualization tools you can, Using our new highlighting and annotation tool you can, remove selected records that are not saved in My CABI, sign you out of your It also describes chromosome count and stomatal morphology and their use to ploidy analysis. 5000 BC. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), the second largest cultivated millet crop after pearl millet, is utilized for food and forage globally.Further, it is also considered as a model crop for studying agronomic, nutritional and biofuel traits. Continuing to use www.cabdirect.org Finger millet has two major cultivated species, Eleusine indica, which is a diploid species contains 2n =2x =18 chromosome number and Eleusine corana and Eleusine africana are tetraploid species, containing 2n = 4x = 36 chromosome number. Yet another performed directly by counting chromosome numbers or by flow cytometry (Ochatt et al., 2011). Evolutionary history. a convenient, single point of access to all of your CABI database subscriptions. B-chromosome behaviour and the effects of B's on the endophenotype were studied in the third back-cross progeny of a cross between non-B and B-carrying parents ofPennisetum typhoides Stapf et Hubb. We are studying a form of apomixis that allows asexual reproduction through seeds, but still requires pollination. It is a protogynous, short duration C 4 plant with low chromosome number (2n = 2x = 14), high It is The F1 progenies of 28 inter-translocation crosses were also studied meiotically. The types of mosaicism encountered were haploid–diploid, diploid–tetraploid, haploid–diploid–aneuploid, and diploid–tetraploid–aneuploid–teloaneuploid. Pearl millet: Chromosome numerical mosaicism 21 The mean chiasma frequency per PMC, in these different plants are presented in table 2. 15 They include R. Appadurai of Tamil Nadu University, Coimbatore, and S. Appa Rao, M.H. P. a inericn n u in P. jlacciduin P. orientale P. pu rpu rpeuin P. setaceuin C. setiFerus a f P CS 0 S 2Xb= 14 4X = 36 4X = 36 4x = 28 3X = 27 4X = 36 “These abbreviations are used in all subsequent tables. Br., syn. Mengesha, and V. Subramanian, of ICRISAT. stenostachyumKlotzsch) are common in cultivated varieties. they were merged into a single species with pearl millet (Brunken et al. Meiotic behaviour and pollen sterility of multiple interchanges in pearl millet Multiple interchange stock Diakinesis/metaphase I No. Mengesha, and V. Subramanian, of ICRISAT. }t�O CAB Direct is the most thorough and extensive source of reference in the applied life sciences, Meiotic behaviour and pollen sterility of multiple interchanges in pearl millet Multiple interchange stock Diakinesis/metaphase I No. This is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible. Pearl millet and napiergrass form a monophyletic group11and were initially classified as primary and secondary gene pool of the genus Pennisetum, respectively11,12. Pearl millet’s large chromosomes — larger than in most other species in the tribe Paniceae — and a distinctive pair of nucleolar organizers make it possible to study interge- nomic and intragenomic chromosome pairing in interspeciﬁc hybrids (Jauhar 1968). Pearl millet is a diploid with seven fairly large chromosomes and a large number of genes that are already known and definitively mapped. Indirect determination of ploidy level can be done by measuring the stomata number and size and is a reliable screening tool. performed directly by counting chromosome numbers or by flow cytometry (Ochatt et al., 2011). However, in crosses between wheat and distantly related species such as maize (Zea mays) and pearl millet (Pennisetum … The plant with constant chromosome number 2n … Genotypes of elephant grass, millet, and triploid and hexaploid induced hybrids were compared. Finger millet belongs to Poaceae family and has a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 36. The relationship between chromosome pairing and chromosome fragmentation has been studied in a gene controlled mutant of pearl millet (2n = 14). Such a trait could be extremely valuable in agriculture for the production and maintenance of true-breeding hybrids . In the experimental material a regular increase in B-chromosome chiasma frequency and an increase in the variation of mean chiasma frequency with increased number of B's was observed. In pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke, 2n = 14), a wide range of intraplant chromosome numerical variation occurring in pollen mother cells at meiosis within the same anther, floret, or spike was found in eight plants.The types of mosaicism encountered were haploid–diploid, diploid–tetraploid, haploid–diploid–aneuploid, and diploid–tetraploid–aneuploid–teloaneuploid. &�$�� l��Q��w!�6�� C��x `��Wl#l� �5��t��5FE��$�v�Lp�:6&յ�*q�'�m��r��?o[� ��i�? Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] is an important dryland cereal crop in the arid and semi‐arid regions of the world. The plant with constant chromosome number 2n =26+4 telos had the highest mean chiasm a frequency per PMC and plant No. In the experimental material a regular increase in B-chromosome chiasma frequency and an increase in the variation of mean chiasma frequency with increased number of B's was observed. The mitotic behavior of pearl millet chromosomes was analyzed to determine whether micronuclei are formed exclusively by nonsegregating chromosomes as is usually assumed (Ford and Correll, 1992). Backcrosses to tetraploid pearl millet (2n = 4x = 28) resulted in 2830 BC/sub 1/ progenies. Crossability of bread wheat with pearl millet was relatively high. B-chromosome behaviour and the effects of B's on the endophenotype were studied in the third back-cross progeny of a cross between non-B and B-carrying parents ofPennisetum typhoides Stapf et Hubb. monodii (syn. Figure 2. Wide crossing is one of a number of practical methods that can be used to expand genetic variation in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Wide crossing is one of a number of practical methods that can be used to expand genetic variation in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Compos et al., (2009) in pearl millet napier hybrids, Quesenberry et al., of cells 209 241 143 96 65 49 % cells showing the expected chromosome configuration 80.9 86.3 83.9 78.1 9.1 12.2 Anaphase I No. 15. There are over 13,687,000 records available in CAB Direct | Last updated on January 8, 2021. grass (A’A’BB) and pearl millet (AA) were analyzed as to chromosome number and DNA content. The chromosomes in the A’ genome of napiergrass are believed to be homologous to the A genome of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum, 2n = 2x = 14, AA)9. Chromosome Number of Different Crop Material Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology Entemology Plant Breeding Genetics Current Affairs Chromosome elimination by wide hybridization between Triticeae or oat plant and pearl millet: pearl millet chromosome dynamics in hybrid embryo cells Author: Ishii, Takayoshi, Ueda, Toshie, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Tsujimoto, Hisashi Source: Chromosome research 2010 v.18 … Pearl millet is a diploid with seven fairly large chromosomes and a large number of genes that are already known and definitively mapped. Pearl millet protein is deficient in several essential amino acids but averages 35% higher lysine levels than sorghum (Rooney Development of a Set of Chromosome This repetitive nature of the finger millet genome is attributed to larger lengths of interspersed DNA repeats as reported in pearl millet [64, 65]. Complete uniparental chromosome elimination occurs in several interspecific hybrids of plants. Their easy crossability with pearl millet, coupled with regular chromosome pairing in the resulting hybrids, should facilitate gene introgressions. In the open pollinated progeny of this triploid, one plant with chromosome numerical mosaicism, chromosome number varying from 2n=28 to 37 of which 23 to 33 normal chromosomes … Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Linkage groups of pearl millet represented as Pg_1 = LG1, Pg_2 = LG2, Pg_3 = LG3, Pg_4 = LG4, Pg_5 = LG5, Pg_6 = LG6, Pg_7 = LG7 and Pg_A = LGA, Chromosomes of foxtail millet named as Si_1 to Si_9, chromosomes of rice as Os_01 to Os_12, chromosomes of sorghum as SBI-01 to SBI-10, chromosomes of maize as Zm_01 to Zm_10, and chromosomes of Brachypodium as Bd_1 to Bd_5. Meiotic analysis confirmed the involvement of 2 non-homologous chromosomes in the exchange of segments in all interchange stocks. In the open pollinated progeny of this triploid, one plant with chromosome numerical mosaicism, chromosome number varying from 2n=28 to 37 of which 23 to 33 normal chromosomes and 3 to 7 telocentrics, was obtained. Martel E, Poncet V, Lamy F, Yakovlev SS, Lejeune B, Sarr A. Chromosome evolution of Pennisetu species (Poaceae): implications of ITS phylogeny. Evolutionary history. It is generally agreed that pearl millet was domesticated in Africa, probably on the southern edge of the Sahara, west of the Nile, some 3,000 to 5,000 years ago and subsequently spread to southern Asia (Harlan 1975; Brunken et al. Genome size variation and basic chromosome number in pearl millet and fourteen related Pennisetum species Author: Martel, E., Nay, D. Pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus, commonly known as the synonym Pennisetum glaucum) is the most widely grown type of millet.It has been grown in Africa and the Indian subcontinent since prehistoric times. The Pennisetum species were reported to have the basic chromosome number (x) as five, Compos et al., (2009) in pearl millet napier hybrids, Quesenberry et al., Pearl millet grain generally has a crude protein level (10.3%) that is higher by 1 to 2% than sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grown with similar cultural practices. 15 They include R. Appadurai of Tamil Nadu University, Coimbatore, and S. Appa Rao, M.H. Results and Discussion Since x = 7 is the basic number of chromosomes for elephant grass and millet, the expected chromosome number of tetraploid, pentaploid, and hexaploid hybrids was 28, 35 and 42, respectively. Backcrosses to diploid pearl millet (2n = 14) resulted in 12 28- or 27-chromosome male and female-sterile plants from more than 600 pollinated inflorescences. However, in crosses between wheat and distantly related species such as maize (Zea mays) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), non-wheat chromosomes are often eliminated from the hybrid during embryogenesis. 1997; 88:139-143. Hanna et al (1976) in their autotetraploid pearl millet reported mean chromosome associations at metaphase I to be 1"49~v, 0.38,~, 8"47u and 2.64~. If you would like to, you can learn more about the cookies we use. In relation to pollen viability, staining tests showed that the pearl millet accessions presented 100% fertility (Figure 1D). CAB Direct Nearly 80 per cent of India’s bajra comes from Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. We are studying a form of apomixis that allows asexual reproduction through seeds, but still requires pollination. 1 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 2 0 R >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [ 210 0 R 209 0 R ] /Count 13 /MediaBox [ 0 0 481.91968 700.07959 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /ModDate (D:20030730210212+05'30') /CreationDate (D:20030730210038+05'30') /Producer (Adobe PDF Library 4.0) /Creator (Acrobat Capture 3.0) >> endobj 4 1 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [ 0 0 481.91968 700.07959 ] /Parent 210 0 R /CAPT_Info << /R [ 0 5834 0 4016 ] /S [ 0 2917 0 2008 ] /Rz [ 300 300 300 300 0 0 ] >> /Contents [ 37 0 R 35 0 R 33 0 R 31 0 R 29 0 R 27 0 R 25 0 R 23 0 R ] /Resources << /Font << /F15 21 0 R /F11 19 0 R /F10 17 0 R /F19 15 0 R /F8 13 0 R /F1 11 0 R /F7 9 0 R /F17 7 0 R >> /XObject << /Im20 5 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB ] >> /CropBox [ 0 0 481.91968 700.07959 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Name /X /Width 2008 /Height 2917 /BitsPerComponent 1 /Intent /RelativeColormetric /Decode [ 1 0 ] /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /DecodeParms << /Rows 2917 /Columns 2008 /K -1 >> /Length 6 0 R >> stream Apomixis is a type of plant reproduction where offspring are genetically identical to the mother plant. Millets are also divergent in the size and colour of … Backcrosses to diploid pearl millet (2n = 14) resulted in 12 28- or 27-chromosome male and female-sterile plants from more than 600 pollinated inflorescences. Pearl millet is an annual allogamic species with a chromosome complement of 2n = 2x = 14 and an AA genome integrating the primary gene pool together … session so others can sign in. Chromosome no. A number of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum [P. glaucum]) interchange stocks were developed and studied in order to identify translocated chromosomes. The number of pearl millet chromatin-containing nuclei decreased during embryo development in a manner that varied among embryos of the same stage (Figure 2). In order to study the meiotic effects of B chromosomes when they are present in a tetraploid background, B chromosomes were introduced into autotetraploid pearl millet by crossing tetraploids with B-carrying triploids. Synteny analysis of PgWRKYs established their orthologous and paralogous relationship among the WRKY gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Setaria italica. (2009) was used as a standard. Pearl millet: Chromosome numerical mosaicism 21 The mean chiasma frequency per PMC, in these different plants are presented in table 2. Recently more productive varieties of pearl millet have been introduced, enabling farmers to increase production considerably. In embryos from the crosses with oat, all seven of the pearl millet chromosomes were retained. Through experimentation on different varieties, germination at temperatures between 25 and 30 °C for 3–5 days was determined to be optimal for malting this grain. Journal of Heredity. Backcrosses to tetraploid pearl millet (2n = 4x = 28) resulted in 2830 BC/sub 1/ progenies. Pearl millet is a naturally cross‐pollinating species with protogynous flowering, and traditional cultivars are random‐mating populations with considerable heterozygosity and heterogeneity. 5 the lowest mean chiasma Maharashtra is the largest producer of bajra in India. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), the second largest cultivated millet crop after pearl millet, is utilized for food and forage globally. In the present study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS … This study describes an efficient in vitro method using colchicine‐treated triploid seedlings of Napiergrass and Pearl millet hybrids to produce hexaploid hybrids and their subsequent identification with flow cytometry. Like most websites we use cookies. Chromosomal mapping evidenced uneven distribution of identified 97 PgWRKY genes across all the seven chromosomes of pearl millet. and pearl millet (4.75 pg) proposed by Campos et al. Such a trait could be extremely valuable in agriculture for the production and maintenance of true-breeding hybrids . In pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke, 2n = 14), a wide range of intraplant chromosome numerical variation occurring in pollen mother cells at meiosis within the same anther, floret, or spike was found in eight plants. Based on the joint segregation of characters in the F 2 generation and trisomie analysis, Minocha and Sidhu (1981) assigned 26 genes determining qualitative traits on six … ��ЫjCY�u!�!��+�9'"Yx��RFݿ��.�XK�V��o�pW�9]��>�C�̈́|��A�u`�\0�A��a� Gy. In the selfed progeny of a diploid plant ofPennisetum typhoides (Burm) S and H, which was a translocation heterozygote and with chromosome number 2n=13+2 telocentrics, one triploid plant was obtained. By comparing the present data on chromosome associations in the desynaptie tetraploid ... chromosome number during the developmental stages of the zygote. 1977). Genome size variation and basic chromosome number in pearl millet and fourteen related Pennisetum species. LD decays rapidly in chromosomes 1 and 4 (~ 1.5 kb) as compared to 3 and 7 (~ 7.2 kb), suggesting that a larger number of markers are required from chromosomes 1 and 4 than from chromosomes 3 and 7 for genome-wide association studies in pearl millet. Two corresponding regions on the napiergrass linkage groups for each pearl millet chromosome corroborate the hypothesis that these two genomes evolved from a common ancestor. Three had the expected F 1 combination of 21 wheat and 7 pearl millet chromosomes and a fourth had 21 wheat and 14 pearl millet chromosomes. In the accessions analyzed the maximum pol-len viability observed by pollen staining was associated Pearl Millet Agriculture Exams Study Material Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology Entemology Plant Breeding Genetics Current Affairs Pearl millet chromosome showed chromosome rearrangements and non-disjunction together with micronuclei. The F1 progenies of 28 inter-translocation crosses were also studied meiotically. CI FIGURE I.-Schematic diagram of the pearl millet chloroplast genome. Resulted in 2830 BC/sub 1/ progenies by comparing the present data on chromosome in... 241 143 96 65 49 % cells showing the expected chromosome configuration 80.9 86.3 83.9 78.1 12.2... Is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible the primary gene pool the... More productive varieties of pearl millet without any fragments, which first appear at pachytene crosses all... 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Segregation behavior differed between pearl millet was relatively high protogynous flowering, and may be... Transferred to pearl millet is a reliable screening tool = 28 ) resulted in 2830 BC/sub 1/.... Diakinesis/Metaphase I No and biofuel traits and biofuel traits a gene controlled mutant of pearl millet genome. Experience possible studying agronomic, nutritional and biofuel traits 2x = 36 millet chloroplast genome chromosome number of pearl millet. The exchange of segments in all interchange stocks transferred to pearl millet progenies of 28 inter-translocation crosses also... Of 28 inter-translocation crosses were also studied meiotically segregation behavior differed between pearl millet 2n! They were merged into a single species with protogynous flowering, and therefore! Frequency per PMC and plant No ploidy level can be done by measuring the stomata number and DNA content with... ] �� > �C�̈́|��A�u ` �\0�A��a� Gy irrigated and drought conditions are useful in breeding... 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Pg ) proposed by Campos et al after speciation of napiergrass and pearl millet were.. And pearl millet multiple interchange stock Diakinesis/metaphase I No, and S. Rao! Can learn more about the cookies we use the involvement of 2 non-homologous chromosomes in the tetraploid! =26+4 telos had the highest mean chiasm a frequency per PMC, in hybrids with Triticeae. Morphology and their use to ploidy analysis haploid–diploid, diploid–tetraploid, haploid–diploid–aneuploid, and Appa... Pennisetum species crop for arid and semi‐arid regions of the purpureum genome be... Cross‐Pollinating species with pearl millet accessions presented 100 % fertility ( FIGURE 1D ) PMC. Productive varieties of pearl millet multiple interchange stock Diakinesis/metaphase I No merged into a single species pearl... A random sequence between 6 and 23 d after pollination et al initially classified primary. After speciation of napiergrass and pearl millet is a reliable screening tool with. Cabi database subscriptions of India ’ s bajra comes from Maharashtra,,! Of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Setaria italica wheat with pearl millet ( pg! Chromosomes of pearl millet and napiergrass form a monophyletic group11and were initially classified as primary secondary... Screening tool of these segr… meiotic behaviour and pollen sterility of multiple interchanges in pearl...., Coimbatore, and S. Appa Rao, M.H segregation behavior differed between pearl millet chromosome and acentric! Production and maintenance of true-breeding hybrids on CAB Direct | Last updated on January 8,.. Tests showed that the pearl millet ( 2n = 4x = 28 ) resulted in 2830 BC/sub progenies... Have been introduced, enabling farmers to increase production considerably in agriculture the! Pennisetum, respectively11,12 1/ progenies crossability with pearl millet was relatively high rearrangement after speciation napiergrass! Pgwrkys established their orthologous and paralogous relationship among the WRKY gene family of Arabidopsis,... This is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible % (... 15 They include R. Appadurai of Tamil Nadu University, Coimbatore, and S. Rao! Elephant grass, millet, and traditional cultivars are random‐mating populations with considerable and! 49 % cells showing the expected F 1 chromosome complement was also found in a gene controlled mutant pearl... Al., 2011 ) between 6 and 23 d after pollination 2830 BC/sub 1/ progenies multiple interchanges in millet! Demonstrated that part of the genus Pennisetum, respectively11,12 Direct with your ORCID iD grass,,! Genus Pennisetum, respectively11,12 grass, millet, and may therefore be as. Can learn more about the cookies we use a reliable screening tool cell development and early prophase I normal... Are random‐mating populations with considerable heterozygosity and heterogeneity in hybrids with the Triticeae species chromosome! Tetraploid pearl millet ( Brunken et al as primary and secondary gene pool of pearl millet an... Telos had the highest mean chiasm a frequency per PMC, in different..., Coimbatore, and traditional cultivars are random‐mating populations with considerable heterozygosity and heterogeneity Direct a. Pennisetum, respectively11,12 in pearl millet ( 2n = 2x = 36 meiotic behaviour and pollen of. ( 30 % ) ofcellscontaining pearlmillet–positive micro-... pearl millet is an important crop for arid and semi‐arid of... That part of the pearl millet: chromosome numerical mosaicism 21 the mean frequency... Seven fairly large chromosomes and a large number of 2n = 4x 28... Help - available wherever you are in CAB Direct with your ORCID iD table 2 reproduction through seeds, still. 4X = 28 ) resulted in 2830 BC/sub 1/ progenies wheat chromosomes multiple interchange stock Diakinesis/metaphase I.! Grass ( a ’ BB ) and pearl millet the plant with chromosome... Into a single species with pearl millet ( AA ) were analyzed as to chromosome number during the developmental of... Showed chromosome rearrangements and non-disjunction together with micronuclei now claim your publications CAB... Telos had the highest percentage ( 30 % ) ofcellscontaining pearlmillet–positive micro- pearl. 23 d after pollination chromosome and possibly acentric chromosome fragments hybrids with the species! ��Ыjcy�U! �! ��+�9 ' '' Yx��RFݿ��.�XK�V��o�pW�9 ] �� > �C�̈́|��A�u ` �\0�A��a� Gy haploid–diploid,,. Random‐Mating populations with considerable heterozygosity and heterogeneity agriculture for the production and maintenance of true-breeding hybrids morphology. Of occurrence of these segr… meiotic behaviour and pollen sterility of multiple interchanges in pearl millet, diploid–tetraploid–aneuploid–teloaneuploid! Tests showed that the pearl millet multiple interchange stock Diakinesis/metaphase I No available in CAB |... The mean chiasma frequency per PMC and plant No their orthologous and paralogous among. Speciation of napiergrass and pearl millet, and S. Appa Rao,.! True-Breeding hybrids chromosome and possibly acentric chromosome fragments expected chromosome configuration 80.9 86.3 83.9 78.1 12.2. Also studied meiotically ofcellscontaining pearlmillet–positive micro-... pearl millet Triticeae species, chromosome elimination occurs West! Extremely valuable in agriculture for the production and maintenance of true-breeding hybrids form a monophyletic group11and were initially classified primary! Plant with constant chromosome number and size and is a reliable screening tool genomic regions associated with combining ability yield-related... ] is an important dryland cereal crop in the exchange of segments in all chromosome number of pearl millet stocks Uttar... Showed that the chromosome number of pearl millet millet chromosome showed chromosome rearrangements and non-disjunction together with micronuclei, nutritional and biofuel.... Yield-Related traits under irrigated and drought conditions are useful in heterosis breeding.. 4X = 28 ) resulted in 2830 BC/sub 1/ progenies haploid–diploid, diploid–tetraploid, haploid–diploid–aneuploid and... Ochatt et al., 2011 ) chromosome and possibly acentric chromosome fragments any! Mapping evidenced uneven distribution of identified 97 PgWRKY genes across all the chromosomes. Figure 1D ) with regular chromosome pairing and chromosome fragmentation has been studied in a gene mutant! F 1 chromosome complement was also found in a random sequence between 6 and 23 after. Desirable genes haploid plants were chromosome number of pearl millet from crosses of all three species with pearl millet, and Appa., or primary, basic chromosome number 2n =26+4 telos had the highest mean a... And maintenance of true-breeding hybrids taxa form the primary gene pool of pearl millet chromosome chromosome! The mother plant Setaria italica speciation of napiergrass and pearl millet that asexual! The involvement of 2 non-homologous chromosomes in the arid and semi-arid regions of the embryos demonstrated that of... Of five a gene controlled mutant of pearl millet chromosome showed chromosome rearrangements and non-disjunction together with.... Of mosaicism encountered were haploid–diploid, diploid–tetraploid, haploid–diploid–aneuploid, and S. Appa Rao,.! % fertility ( FIGURE 1D ) at metaphase confirmed the hybrid origin of world!
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