This contest with Prussia was followed by two more, the Seven Years’ War (1756–63) and the War of the Bavarian Succession (1778–79), which further checked Austrian power. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. His wife effectively ruled Austria and the Holy Roman Empire. On 6 January 1808, he married again to another fir… He supported the conservative political system of Metternich in Germany and Europe after the Congress of Vienna (1815). The crypt that houses the sarcophagus is the official resting place of the Habsburg line, some 150 members of which were laid to rest there. Charles VI (1 October 1685 – 20 October 1740) succeeded his elder brother, Joseph I, as Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia (as Charles II), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Charles III), and King of Serbia (as Charles I) , Archduke of Austria, etc., in 1711. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-II-Holy-Roman-emperor, Holy Roman Empire Association - Holy Roman Emperor Francis II - 1792-1806. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Realizing the need for a sizable standing army and in order to maintain one, Maria Theresa accepted the plans of Count Friedrich Wilhelm Haugwitz—the first in a succession of remarkable men of intellect she was to draw into her council. NAME=Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Francis I of Austria SHORT DESCRIPTION=Deceased Monarch DATE OF BIRTH= February 12, 1768 PLACE OF BIRTH= Florence, Tuscany, Italy DATE OF DEATH= March 2, 1830 PLACE OF DEATH= Vienna, Austria. Francis I (Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) [1] was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real powers of those positions.With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. Charles II, Archduke of Austria 9. Maria Anna of Bavaria 11. 2010. Francis I (Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real power of those positions. dynasty. Anúncios relacionados a: Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor wikipedia By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Maria Luisa was born a Princess of Naples and Sicily. Leopold II was born on 5 May 1747, in Vienna, Austria, Holy Roman Empire, to Francis I and Maria Theresa. Because of French objections to the union of Lorraine with the Habsburg lands, Francis Stephen had to exchange his ancestral duchy for the right of succession to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Gian Gastone de' Medici, who died on 9 July 1737, was the second cousin of Francis.In June 1737 Francis … Francis III (born: Francis Leopold Ernst Albert Frederick von Habsburg) is the current reigning king of Austria and Bohemia. Francis II (German: Franz II. Franz Joseph Karl, 1768-1835, aus dem Haus Habsburg-Lothringen war... Franz Stephan of Lorraine, December 8, 1708-18. Family: Spouse/Ex-: Caroline Augusta of Bavaria, Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg, Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 3. Omissions? Anna of Austria (= 13) 1. Maria Theresa was the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Charles VI and Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Born in Portici, in … Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor 4. Károly), the last King of Croatia, last King of Bohemia (as Charles III, Czech: Karel III. Maria Theresa’s father was the Holy Roman emperor Charles VI, and her mother was Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Upon her accession, the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48) erupted, challenging her inheritance of the Habsburg lands. Maria Theresa, German Maria Theresia, (born May 13, 1717, Vienna—died November 29, 1780, Vienna), archduchess of Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia (1740–80), wife and empress of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I (reigned 1745–65), and mother of the Holy Roman emperor Joseph II (reigned 1765–90). Thus, the ancien régime that had come to an end in France in 1789 ended in Germany also. Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor 3= 3. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria (= 12) 5. After Austria took the field against Napoleon for the third time in 1805 and was again defeated, Napoleon dictated the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire; Francis abdicated his title in 1806. With his wife, Maria Theresa of Austria , he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. - Biography of Maria Theresia, The World of the Habsburgs - Biography of Maria Theresa, Maria Theresa - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Maria Theresa led Austria through this and two other wars, preserving the bulk of Habsburg territory in the face of a series of militarily superior opponents. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor 5= 5. They were the founders of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. He assumed the title of Emperor of Austria in response to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French . Francis I (Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) [1] was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real powers of those positions.With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. Moreover, she had entered into a treaty with Russia, a newcomer to European rivalries. Francis I (Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real power of those positions. Son of the future emperor Leopold II and Maria Luisa of Spain, Francis received his political education from his uncle, Emperor Joseph II, who disliked his nephew’s unimaginative outlook and stubbornness but praised his application and sense of duty and justice. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 12 kreutzer 1800 20mm.jpg 4,230 × 2,168; 819 KB Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 3 kreutzer 1800 30mm.jpg 5,772 × … Maria Theresa was devastated. The final Holy Roman Emperor-elect, Francis II, abdicated in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars that saw the Empire's final dissolution. The death of an only son prompted Charles, the only living prince of his line, to promulgate the so-called Pragmatic Sanction, a royal act, eventually recognized by most powers, whereby female issue was entitled to succeed to the domains of the Habsburgs. (Since nearly every major European nation coveted some part of the Habsburg domains, their consent to the Pragmatic Sanction must be taken as nothing more than an act of convenience.) Maria Theresa, archduchess of Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia (1740–80), wife and empress of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I, and mother of the Holy Roman emperor Joseph II. Francis II married four times: 1. From 1728 until 1737 he was Duke of Lorraine, but lost Lorraine when he had to give it to France. Though Francis had not been a faithful husband, Maria Theresa never wavered in her love, and his sudden death in 1765 plunged her into prolonged grief. Her successful appearance before the refractory Hungarian Estates, ending with an appeal for a mass levy of troops, gave her a European reputation for diplomatic skill. She paid but scant attention to the global ramifications of the ensuing Seven Years’ War. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Francis I (Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real power of those positions.With his wife, Maria Theresa of Austria, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. He abdicated to declare himself Emperor of Austria because of Napoleon forming the Confederation of the Rhine. August 1765, was first from She was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily (later Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies) (1751–1825) and Marie Caroline of Austria (1752–1814). Corrections? Francis himself was present at many of the battles of 1813–14, which finally destroyed the French emperor’s power. Neither the peace of 1745 (by which Austria ceded Silesia to Prussia) nor the peace of 1748 (which ended Maria Theresa’s war with the rest of her enemies) ended her efforts to modernize the army. Although Francis despised Napoleon as an upstart, he did not for reasons of state dare to refuse him the hand of his daughter Marie-Louise, whom Napoleon married in 1810. The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In the further process of abolishing tax exemptions held by the great landowners, who dominated those assemblies, she hit on the notion of a “God-pleasing equality.” Yet she did not question the justice of the manorial lord’s claim on the labour of his hereditary subjects. The dowager empresses, her aunt Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg and grandmother Eleonor Magdalene … In 1736 she married Francis Stephen of Lorraine. The standard designation of the Holy Roman Emperor was "August Emperor of the Romans" (Romanorum Imperator Augustus). ), Francis was the son of Leopold II., whom he succeeded in 1792. The marriage was a love match, and 16 children were born to the couple, of whom 10 survived to adulthood. The oldest surviving son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine Although she could not reign as Holy Roman empress in her own right, she was groomed from an early age to preserve Habsburg territory and influence. It was sold misattributed as under Wencezlaus II. Only many years later did peasant riots in famine-stricken Bohemia, as well as the reported cruelty of Hungarian magnates, cause her to limit the use of forced labour. Within months of Charles VI’s death, Frederick II of Prussia invaded Silesia, a Habsburg province, beginning the War of the Austrian Succession. Francis I, (born Dec. 8, 1708, Nancy, Duchy of Lorraine—died Aug. 18, 1765, Innsbruck, Austria), Holy Roman emperor from Sept. 13, 1745; he was duke of Lorraine (as Francis Stephen) from 1729 to 1735 and grand duke of Tuscany from 1737. from 1737. She emerged from it, her zeal for activity nowise impaired. Charles left the Habsburg state at the lowest point of its prestige, its coffers empty, its capital beset by unrest. Last Roman Emperor and first Emperor of Austria (Francis I. Francis’ uncle, Joseph II, the Holy Roman Emperor, had no surviving children. Updates? dynasty. Maria Louisa of Spain 4= 4. Her father, the future Charles III of Spain, had become King of Naples … Married (2) Princess Maria Ferdinanda On 15 September 1790, to his double first cousin Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies (6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807), daughter of King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (both were grandchildren of Empress Maria Theresaand shared all of their other grandparents in common), with whom he had twelve children, of whom only seven reached adulthood. Practical, if not always fiscal, considerations, rather than doctrinaire humanitarianism, guided all of Maria Theresa’s reforms. Francis I (German: Franz Stefan; Italian: Francesco Stefano; English: Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real powers of those positions., though his wife … It was she who institutionalized government censorship; on the other hand, it was she, too, who launched plans for compulsory primary education. 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